Ma Rūsia, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hana ʻana o nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā mahina ʻeiwa e 6.8%
Ke ulu ikaika nei ka ʻoihana ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma Rūsia mai ka makahiki 2014, i ka wā i maopopo ai ka noho ʻana o ka ʻāina ma lalo o ke kaomi hoʻopaʻi. ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana ʻo ia ka hoʻolālā hoʻololi i hoʻokomo ʻia no kekahi mau mea, i hoʻolālā ʻia no kahi hoʻolālā ʻelima makahiki no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻāina paʻa. I loko o nā makahiki ʻewalu i hala iho nei, ua ʻike ʻia nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo hou i ka ʻāina, a ua hoʻopiha ʻia nā helu helu me nā kukama kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻano kūlohelohe a me nā tōmato o ka hana home.
ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana no ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻo ia ke kākoʻo mokuʻāina nui o nā mea hana Lūkini o nā mea kanu i loko. Ua ʻike ʻia nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma nā wahi āpau o ka ʻāina. Hoʻopili ʻia ka nui ma nā ʻāpana waena, ma Siberia a me ka hema o ka ʻāina. ʻO ka hana ʻai meaʻai i loko o ka hale nui loa ma ka ʻāpana no ka ʻoihana St. Petersburg "Rost", ʻo ka nui o ka ʻāpana o kāna mau hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo he 445 mau ʻeka. ʻO ka ʻoihana hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo nui "ECO-Culture" e noho ana ma kahi o 305 mau ʻeka, e pani ana i ka ʻekolu kiʻekiʻe o JSC "Agrokombinat "Yuzhny" me nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo me kahi ʻāpana o 145 mau ʻeka. I kēia lā, hoʻomau ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu kūloko o ka ʻāina paʻa, e hōʻike ana i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka ulu maikaʻi, a ʻo ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka mea i kaulana loa no ka hoʻomaka.
Ulu paʻa. Ke ulu mau nei ka nui o nā mea kanu i mālama ʻia ma Rūsia. Wahi a ka Ministry of Agriculture o Rūsia, ua ulu mua ka 1.25 miliona tons i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ka waena o ʻOkakopa 2022. ʻO kēia ka 6.8% ʻoi aku ma mua o ka manawa like i ka makahiki i hala. Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā kukama Greenhouse 725.4 tausani tons (ulu - 7.7%), nā tōmato - 502.9 tausani tons (ulu - 7.4%). ʻO nā wahi alakaʻi e pili ana i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻo Lipetsk, Moscow, Volgograd, Kaluga, Belgorod Regions, Krasnodar a me Stavropol Territories, nā Repubalika o Karachay-Cherkessia, Tatarstan a me Bashkortostan.
Ua lilo lākou i alakaʻi. I kēia lā, ke alakaʻi nei ka ʻāina ʻo Lipetsk ma ke ʻano o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā mea kanu. Ma ka waena o ʻOkakopa, ʻoi aku ka nui o 123 tausani tons o nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ʻohi ʻia ma ka ʻāina. ʻOi aku ka ulu ʻana ma mua o 17%.
"ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā kukama i kēia manawa ua hiki i ka 61.6 tausani tons, 59.9 mano tons i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i ka makahiki i hala," wahi a ke poʻo o ka ʻāina ʻo Lipetsk ʻo Igor Artamonov. - Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā ʻōmato ma kahi o 60.6 tausani tons, ʻo ia ka hapakolu ma mua o ka makahiki i hala (44.4 tausani tons). Eia kekahi, 3.8 miliona mau ʻāpana letus (650 tons) i hōʻiliʻili ʻia, i hoʻomaka ʻia e ulu i ka ʻāina.
Aia ma ka lua o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo kokoke i Moscow. Wahi a ke Kuhina Kūʻai ʻĀina, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia he 66 tausani mau mea kanu ma ka ʻāina ʻo Moscow i Ianuali - Iune 2022 - ʻo 10% kēia ma mua o 2021 ma ka lā like. Ma ka hopena o 2022, ua hoʻolālā ʻia e hōʻiliʻili i 122 tausani tons o nā mea kanu.
Wahi a ka lawelawe paʻi o ke poʻo a me ke Aupuni o Karachay-Cherkessia, i ka makahiki 2022 ua hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻonui i ka hua o nā mea kanu o ka lepo i mālama ʻia e ka hapahā - ʻaneʻane 50 tausani tons o nā mea kanu. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me 2021, ʻo ka ulu ʻana he 26%.
I nā makahiki ʻelima i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hana ʻana o nā mea kanu ʻāina i mālama ʻia ma ka ʻāina ʻo Kaluga. I ka makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka 67.6 tausani mau mea kanu ma ʻaneʻi, i kēia makahiki ua hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻonui i kā lākou hana i 72 tausani tons. Ua loaʻa i ka ʻāina ʻo Stavropol ma mua o 80 tausani mau mea kanu (9% ʻoi aʻe ma mua o ka makahiki i hala): ʻoi aku ma mua o 17 tausani mau kukama, 64 tausani mau tōmato a me 284 tons o nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, me nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
ʻO Krasnodar Krai kekahi o nā ʻāina he ʻumi kiʻekiʻe o Rūsia i ka mahi ʻana i nā mea kanu ma ka ʻāina paʻa. "Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki, ua hoʻonui kā mākou poʻe mahiʻai i 53 tausani tons o nā huahana, ʻo ia ka 4.5% ʻoi aku ma mua o ka manawa like o ka makahiki i hala," wahi a ke kia'āina o ka Territory Krasnodar Veniamin Kondratiev. - Ke noho nei ʻo Kuban kekahi o nā mea hana nui o nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma Rusia. I kēia lā, he 11 mau hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo nui me ka nui o 240 mau ʻeka e hana nei ma ia wahi.
Ua hoʻokō ʻia ke aʻo ʻana e 90%. Ma 2022, hiki iā Rūsia ke hoʻokō i nā hōʻailona o ka Food Security Doctrine no nā mea kanu a me nā melon.
ʻO Dmitry Patrushev, ke Kuhina Mahiai o ka Russian Federation, i hōʻike i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo palekana meaʻai i ka hola aupuni ma ka Federation Council. "Ma kahi o 5 miliona mau toni o nā mea kanu ākea e manaʻo ʻia, a ma kahi o 1.6 miliona mau mea e hana ʻia i loko o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo. E hoʻokō piha ana ia mau mea hana i nā pono o ka home a hoʻomohala i nā lako hoʻokuʻu aku, "i ʻōlelo ai ke poʻo o ka ʻoihana.
"I kēlā me kēia makahiki, hoʻonui nā mea kanu mea kanu hale i ka nui o ka hana," wahi a Oksana Lut, ka Hope Kuhina mua o ka Mahiai o ka Russian Federation ma ka hōʻike honua Global Fresh Market: Vegetables & Fruits. - I kēia makahiki, wānana mākou ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā māla huaʻai i nā mahiʻai o nā ʻano āpau e pili ana i 16 miliona tons (ma 2021 - ma kahi o 15 miliona tons). Hiki i ia mau hopena ke hiki ke hōʻea i ka waiwai paepae o ka Food Security Doctrine ma ke kiʻekiʻe o 90%. Ke hōʻike nei ka ʻoihana ulu ulu lāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka dynamics nui loa - ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo kēia makahiki ka hana ʻana ma ka ʻāina paʻa e hōʻano hou i ka moʻolelo a hiki i ka 1.6 miliona tons. ʻO ka uluʻana o kaʻohiʻana e kōkua i ka ho'ēmiʻana i nā puke lawe mai, ka uluʻana o nā hana hoʻokuʻu aku a me ka hōʻoiaʻana i kahi kūlana kūʻai paʻa. I kēia makahiki, aia ka emi ʻana o ke kūʻai ʻana i nā kumukūʻai no ka nui o nā huahana meaʻai: ʻuala, kāpeti, kāloti, aniani, papa beets, kukama a me nā tōmato. A e hoʻomau ka Ministry of Agriculture o Rūsia i ke kākoʻo i ka ʻoihana, hoʻoulu i ka hana hoʻopukapuka a hana i nā kūlana kūpono e pale ai i ka mākeke kūloko.
No ka mālama ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa, ke hoʻomau nei ke Kuhina i ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka hana ʻoiai ma kēlā mau kūlana i loaʻa ai nā waiwai kūpono o ke aʻo ʻana. No kēia kumu, ua hana ʻia kahi kahua kākoʻo mokuʻāina koʻikoʻi, e pili ana i ka pōʻai hana holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO kahi ākea o nā ʻano kākoʻo o ka mokuʻāina e kuhikuhi ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu i loko. Hāʻawi ʻia nā hōʻaiʻē hoʻopukapuka makemake a me nā haʻawina hoʻoikaika no nā ʻoihana. Eia kekahi, mai ka makahiki 2022, ua hoʻokō ʻia kahi hana no ka uku ʻana i kahi ʻāpana o nā kumukūʻai no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻoihana ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma nā wahi o ka Hikina Hikina.
ʻO ke kumuhana o ka palekana meaʻai o Rūsia a me ka honua i lilo i mea nui ma ka hōʻikeʻike agro-industrial Russian hope loa "Golden Autumn" -2022.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kuhina Nui ʻo Mikhail Mishustin i kēia makahiki e hoʻokō ʻo Russia i nā hōʻailona o ka Food Security Doctrine no nā cereals, beets, sugar a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. "Ua maopopo loa e loaʻa iā mākou kahi hōʻiliʻili hua ʻai," i ʻōlelo ai ke poʻo o ke aupuni. — He mau hana ko'iko'i ma na mea kanu mahiai e ae, me na hua aila. ʻIke pū mākou i nā kūleʻa i ka hana ʻana i nā huaʻai, he pipiʻi a paʻakikī hoʻi e ulu i ko mākou aniau. Akā ke manaʻo nei mākou i kahi moʻolelo - ma luna o 1.5 miliona mau huaʻai a me nā hua. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi hāʻawi koʻikoʻi i kēia e kahi hoʻonohonoho kākoʻo mokuʻāina no nā mahiʻai ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
No ka palekana. Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kānāwai federal "On the Safe Handling of Pesticides and Agrochemicals" ma 2020, ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka mana o ka mokuʻāina (nā mākaʻikaʻi), ua hoʻolako ʻia ka Federal State Information System for Traceability of Pesticides and Agrochemicals (FGIS). i hoʻokomo ʻia ma ka Paukū 15, ka mea i hoʻolālā ʻia e hōʻoia i ka helu ʻana o nā pūʻulu o nā pesticides a me nā agrochemical i ka wā e lawelawe ʻia ai lākou (i lawe ʻia mai i ka ʻāina o ka Russian Federation, hana (hana), mālama, lawe ʻana (ka lawe ʻana), noi, kūʻai aku, neutralization , hoʻokuʻu, luku a kanu ʻana), a no ka nānā ʻana, ka hana ʻana i ka ʻike i hāʻawi ʻia i loko a me ka nānā ʻana i ko lākou hilinaʻi.
Mālama ʻia ka ʻike i loko o ka FGIS e ka mea hoʻohana. He kūlana mana ka ʻike a manaʻo ʻia he kumu ʻike mokuʻāina. I mea e hana ai ma FGIS Saturn a hiki i Sepatemaba 1, 2022, nā ʻoihana āpau, me nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo e hoʻohana ana i nā pesticides a me nā agrochemical, pono e hoʻopaʻa inoa me FGIS Saturn ma o ka ʻōnaehana Cerberus. Hoʻokō ka Rosselkhoznadzor i ka hana hoʻomalu a me ka nānā ʻana no ka mālama pono ʻana i nā pesticides a me nā mea kanu. Hoʻouna ʻia nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ma nā pūnaewele o ka Rosselkhoznadzor territorial administrations ma nā puka lawelawe nui. Aia ma lalo iho nā helu kelepona o nā poʻo hoʻokipa o nā ʻoihana teritore. ʻO nā ʻoihana hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo, i mea e loaʻa ai ka inoa inoa a me ka ʻōlelo huna, e kelepona i ko lākou keʻena hoʻokele kūloko inā he nīnau i ka wā hoʻopaʻa inoa. ʻIke ʻia nā keʻena kuleana o ka ʻāina a i ʻole ka nānā ʻana i ka phytosanitary i kēlā me kēia hoʻokele teritori.
ʻO ka mea a me ka ʻenehana e hiki mai ana. Ma ka hui ʻoihana mahiʻai ʻo Iune "Greenhouse Industry of Russia" -2022 ma Moscow, ua nui ka nānā ʻana i ke kūlana o ka ʻoihana i kēia manawa ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka waihona waiwai a me ka ʻenehana. "Ke ulu nei nā mea kanu Lūkini ma ka ʻāina paʻa: ke kūlana o ka ʻoihana, nā manaʻo hoʻomohala, ke kākoʻo o ka mokuʻāina i nā kūlana o kēia manawa" - Arkady Muravyov, Hope-Peresidena o ka Hui "Greenhouses of Russia", i hana i kahi hōʻike ma ka ʻaha kūkā. "ʻO ke kahua o ka hana ikaika o nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo, i hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 2014, ke hoʻomau nei i Rusia i kēia lā," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo ia i kāna ʻōlelo. - Mai ia manawa, ua kūkulu ʻia ma mua o 1.5 tausani mau ʻeka a ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu i ʻehā - a hiki i ka 1.6 miliona tons. I kēia lā, hoʻolālā nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo nui e hoʻokomo i nā wahi koʻikoʻi o nā paʻakikī hou i ka hopena o 2022. APH "Eco-culture" - ʻoi aku ma mua o 200 mau ʻeka, GC "Growth" - ʻoi aku ma mua o 70 mau ʻeka. Aia ka nui o nā complexes nui me kahi ʻoi aku ma mua o 80 mau ʻeka i ka pae hoʻolālā. Eia naʻe, he hopena maikaʻi ʻole ke kūlana o kēia manawa i ka hoʻokele waiwai. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kūkulu ʻana o ka hale kūʻai kūʻai ʻo Ryazan Roses me kahi ʻāpana o 6.4 heka. Ua ʻike ʻo Arkady Muravyov i nā ʻano holomua a me nā kuhikuhi e hoʻomaka ana e lawe mai i nā kālā maoli hou i nā ʻoihana ʻōmaʻomaʻo i kēia lā. Aia ma waena o lākou ka wehe ʻana o nā ʻoihana horticultural nui, kahi e ulu ai nā pua a me nā mea kanu a kūʻai koke ʻia. Ua hoʻomanaʻo pū ke poʻo o ka hui i ka hoʻokō kūleʻa ʻana e nā hui Lūkini o ka hoʻolālā hoʻololi hoʻokomo ʻana no ka hana ʻana i nā mea pono no nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻoihana. "Ma ke kahua o ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka ikehu, hiki i nā mea hana Lūkini, no ka laʻana, ke hāʻawi i nā hopena kūpono he nui, e like me nā mea kanu thermal modular a i ʻole ka wai wela ʻekolu-way heat-tube boilers," maopopo ʻo Arkady Muravyov.
Nā manaʻo lōʻihi. I kēia lā, ʻelua ʻo Rūsia ma ka honua ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka kukumba (1.7 miliona tons) a ʻo ka ʻewalu o ka ʻai ʻana i ka tōmato (3.5 miliona tons). Ua wehewehe ka Luna Hoʻokele o ka Center for Agroanalytics ʻo Dmitry Aveltsov, ʻo ka paradox i kēia lā ʻo ko mākou ʻāina aia wale nō i ka 20 kiʻekiʻe a me ka 30 kiʻekiʻe ma ka honua e pili ana i ka ʻai ʻana i kēia mau mea kanu no kēlā me kēia kanaka. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole lawa ka hana ponoʻī ma Rūsia. I ka makahiki i hala, ua lawe mai ʻo Rūsia i 460.2 a me 55.2 tausani mau kukama. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā hoʻopaʻi i kau ʻia e kūʻē iā Rūsia ua alakaʻi i ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻonui / hoʻonui i kekahi mau mana loea a me ka pilikia o ka pāpā ʻana i ka lawe ʻana mai i nā hua, nā lako a me nā mea nui ʻē aʻe.
"I kēia lā, ke nānā nui nei ke aupuni o ka ʻāina a me nā keʻena pili i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kālepa like ʻana i nā huahana mahiʻai me nā ʻāina e like me Uzbekistan, Iran, Azerbaijan," hoʻomau ʻo Dmitry Avelvsov. - Ua nānā ʻia ke kūlana kumukūʻai ma ka mākeke meaʻai, ua ʻike ʻia ka pilikia o nā pilikia no nā mea hana mea kanu e pili ana i nā hoʻopaʻi a me ka haʻalele ʻana o nā ʻoihana hoʻoili nui mai ka mākeke.
Wahi a kā mākou ʻikepili, ma Rūsia i kēia lā aia he 72 mau papahana hoʻopukapuka e hana ana i ke kuhikuhi o ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu o ka ʻāina paʻa, ʻo ka hoʻokō ʻana e uhi ana i ka manawa 2021-2028. 62% o nā papahana ke hoʻokō ʻia nei, ʻo ke koena i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka huina kālā o nā papahana hoʻopukapuka no 2022-2024 ka nui o 45,2 biliona rubles, me 1,7 biliona e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia no ka hana hou ʻana o nā papahana e kū nei.
Ma ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i ka wānana no ka nui o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ua hana ʻo Mikhail Semykin, ka luna o ke alakaʻi ʻōmaʻomaʻo o AGRISOVGAZ LLC, i kahi wānana hoihoi. Wahi a ia, e ulu ana ka pono pono'ī i nā mea kanu i ka 72% i ka makahiki 2022. Eia naʻe, i mea e hoʻololi piha ai i ka lawe ʻana mai, pono e kūkulu ʻia nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo hou aʻe, a he ʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia no ka hana ʻana i nā pua, nā tōmato, strawberries a me ka hop.
Eia kekahi, nui nā nīnau i hāpai ʻia e nā mea hou e like me ke kāpae ʻana i ka papahana uku no ka hapa o nā kumukūʻai pololei i loaʻa, ka emi ʻana o ka palena o nā huahana a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka manawa uku o nā papahana, ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai no nā mea waiwai, nā ʻāpana a me logistics o ka hana hou e 50-100%, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kumukūʻai o ka waihona uku a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hilinaʻi o ka ikehu o nā ʻoihana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. nā papahana hoʻolālā kālā i ka 7-10% o nā kumukūʻai o ka papahana, a laila e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka paepae no ke komo ʻana i ka ʻoihana no nā mea hoʻopukapuka. Pono nō hoʻi e hoʻonui i nā papahana kākoʻo mokuʻāina i nā wahi o ka floriculture, ka ulu ʻana o ka hop, ka ulu ʻana o ka berry a me ka reorient i nā hana kākoʻo i nā mea hana hale o nā lako a me nā ʻāpana. He mea maikaʻi nō hoʻi e hoʻokomo i nā mea me kahi ʻāpana o 0.7 a i 3 mau ʻeka o kahi hoʻohana i ka papahana.
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