Ke laha nei ka mahiʻai kū pololei ma ʻEulopa a ke hana ʻia nei ka noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻano mea kanu hou a pau. Aia nō naʻe nā pilikia e hoʻokō ʻia.
ʻO nā hale keʻena ʻokoʻa, kahi e ulu ai nā mea kanu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna o kēlā me kēia, papa ma hope. A i ʻole i loko o kahi pahu ma kou kaiāulu, hāʻawi ka mahiʻai kūwaho i nā mea hiki. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ulu i nā mea kanu i nā wahi āu e makemake ai. ʻAʻole pono ʻoe i nā māla no ia mea. Hoʻomau ka mahiʻai, maikaʻi a hoʻomalu piha ʻia. ʻAʻole pono ʻoe i nā lāʻau pesticides, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai aia wale nō ma waena o 2 a me 4 lita no ke kilo o nā mea kanu. Aia kekahi pilikia nui: hoʻohana ikehu. Ke hana ikaika nei mākou ma ia mea.
Ke piʻi nei ka mahiʻai paʻa ma ʻEulopa. He kūpono loa ia no ka ulu ʻana i nā mea kanu ma nā wahi o ke kūlanakauhale kahi i uku nui ʻia. Hiki iā ia ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka palekana o ka meaʻai ma nā ʻāina i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka mahiʻai maʻamau. Akā ʻoiai ke kūʻai aku nei nā mea kanu mua i kekahi mau ʻāina, he mau makahiki ia ma mua o ka hiki ʻana o nā huahana mai nā mahiʻai kū i nā hale kūʻai nui.
Ke hoʻololi nei i ka meaʻai a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka noi
Me ka ʻiʻo moʻomeheu, hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka mahiʻai kūʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano he kī nui e hakakā ai i nā pilikia meaʻai e hiki mai ana. Akā, no ke aha mākou e pono ai i nā mahiʻai kūwaho? No ke aha ʻaʻole mākou e hoʻomau i ka hana ʻana i ke ala kahiko, e like me kā mākou i hana ai i nā makahiki he 10,000 i hala?
Ke piʻi nei ka makemake i ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Wahi a ka United Nations, e piʻi ana ka heluna kanaka o ka honua i 9.7 billion mau kānaka i ka makahiki 2050. Pono kēia poʻe a pau i ka meaʻai. Akā ʻo ka ulu ʻana i nā mea kanu ma ke ʻano kuʻuna ke lilo nei i mea pilikia nui. Ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau, ke loli nei nā kūlana ulu, i hiki ʻole iā ʻoe ke ulu hou i kekahi mau mea kanu ma kahi āu i hiki ai. Hoʻopau nā hanana ʻino a me nā ʻino nui i nā mea kanu i kēlā me kēia makahiki. A ma kekahi mau wahi, ua emi ka momona o ka lepo ma mua.
E like me ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka makemake o ka wā e hiki mai ana no ka meaʻai hou, ʻokoʻa loa kā mākou ʻai ʻana mai ka makahiki i hala. “ʻAʻole mākou ʻai hou i ke kau. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻai mākou i nā salakeke a me nā hua a mākou e lawe mai ai, "wahi a CEO Anders Riemann o Nordic Harvest, ka mahiʻai hydroponic nui loa ma ʻEulopa.
Hoʻokomo ka poʻe mahiʻai ma kahi mahiʻai kūpaʻa i nā lole pale e pale aku i nā hua bacteria makemake ʻole mai ke komo ʻana i ka mahiʻai. Ma kēia ala hiki iā lākou ke pale i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau pesticides.
ʻOhi kauwela mai ka Arctic
Hiki ke kūkulu ʻia nā mahiʻai kū i nā wahi a pau. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e lawe hou mai i nā kiwi mai New Zealand, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke ulu iā lākou i loko o kahi mahiʻai ma kou ʻāina ponoʻī. Mālama kēia i ka nui o ka CO2 i hoʻokuʻu ʻia.
Pehea ia hana?
“Noʻu, ʻo ka mana piha ka pono nui o ka mahiʻai kū. Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokō pono i ke kaʻina hana a ʻike pono i ka nui o kā mākou makemake e ulu a me ke ʻano o ka maikaʻi, "wahi a Leo Marcelis, ke kaukaʻi o Horticulture and Product Physiology ma Wageningen University & Research.
Mai ka wai a hiki i ke ao, ka mahana, a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā minerala a me ka bacteria. Hana ʻia ka mahiʻai kūpaʻa ma lalo o nā kūlana hoʻomalu loa. Hoʻoulu ʻia nā mea kanu i loko o ka hale, me nā kukui LED ma mua o ka lā. He liʻiliʻi nā puʻupuʻu LED, lōʻihi, kūʻai maikaʻi, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻokuʻu i kahi wela. I ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā i ka hopena o ka lā, hiki ke ʻā kēia mau kukui no ka lōʻihi e pono ai.
Hiki i ka mea mahiʻai ke hoʻoponopono i ka lā a me ka pō o ka mea kanu e hoʻonui i ka ulu ulu. I ke ao, hana nā mea kanu i ka starch i loko o nā lau, i wāwahi ʻia i ke kō a lawe ʻia i ke koena o ka mea kanu i ka pō. Pono kekahi mau mea kanu i ʻoi aku ma mua o 12 mau hola o ka mālamalama i kēlā me kēia lā e ulu ai, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kekahi. ʻO ka mahiʻai kū pololei e hiki ai i kēlā me kēia ʻano mea kanu ke loaʻa ka nui o ka lā e pono ai e ulu i kona maikaʻi loa.
Ka ulu me nā kala like ʻole o ka māmā
He mea koʻikoʻi nā kala o kēia mau kukui e hoʻonui i ka ulu ulu. Ua nānā nui nā mea noiʻi i ka hopena o ke kukui ʻulaʻula, uliuli a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu. ʻO ke kukui ʻulaʻula maikaʻi loa no ka photosynthesis, akā pono nā mea kanu i kekahi kukui polū, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka hana chlorophyll. No kekahi manawa, ua ʻimi ka poʻe noiʻi e hōʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo, me ka manaʻo ʻaʻole ia i kōkua i ka photosynthesis.
Eia naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina 2016 mai ke Kulanui o Utah State e hiki i ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke hoʻokuʻu i ka photosynthesis e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā lau ma mua o ka ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ke kukui uliuli. Hiki i ka mea mahiʻai ke hoʻohana i nā hui kala like ʻole e hōʻike i nā ʻano like ʻole. Me ka hui kūpono, hiki i ka mea mahiʻai ke ulu i nā mea kanu i ʻoi aku ka momona ma mua o ka mahiʻai maʻamau. He mea pono kēia no ka mea ua emi ka nui o nā mea kanu i nā meaʻai i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi hui ʻē aʻe e hoʻonui i ka ulu ʻana i hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka meaʻai i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Mai ka manaʻo hoʻokele waiwai, hiki ke makemake ʻia, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mahiʻai kūʻokoʻa.
Akā he nui nā kumu i kaulana ai kēia ʻano. ʻAʻole pono ka mahiʻai kū pololei i nā pesticides. Hiki i nā mea kanu ke ulu pono i ka nui o nā mea kanu a lākou e makemake ai, i loko o kahi manawa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia a me kahi ʻano kikoʻī i koho ʻia e lākou. ʻAʻole pili ke ʻano o ka wā a i ʻole ke kau. Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka meaʻai ma kahi ʻili liʻiliʻi.
Mahiai ole
ʻO ka mahiʻai kūʻokoʻa i kēia lā ke hele mai nei ma nā ʻano ʻelua: hydroponic a me aeroponic. Wahi a Leo Marcelis, ʻo nā ʻenehana ʻelua he mau koho maikaʻi loa. I loko o ka hydroponics, ulu nā mea kanu ma nā papa me ko lākou aʻa i loko o ka wai i hoʻopiha ʻia ma kahi o ka lepo. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka maʻalahi o nā ʻōnaehana nui ʻelua.
He māla hoʻokolohua ʻo Nordic Harvest ma kahi kokoke i Copenhagen kahi e ulu ai nā ʻano saladi like ʻole, kale a me ka spinach. Hoʻopuni ʻia ka mahiʻai e nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. He hale ia e like me ka nui o ke kahua pôpeku. Ma 2023, makemake ka hui e hoʻonui me kahi mahiʻai ma Oslo, a ukali ʻia e nā mahiʻai ma Scandinavia a me Finland.
Wahi a Riemann, ua ʻike mua ʻia ka mana hana o Nordic Harvest i kēia manawa: "Hana mākou ma kahi o 1000 tons o nā mea kanu i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Aia ka mākeke Denemaka ma kahi o 20,000 tons i kēlā me kēia makahiki. 6,000 tons ua ulu maʻamau a lawe ʻia ke koena. ʻO nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo. I ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mahiʻai kūpaʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pākēneka o ka hana ʻai. ʻO nā hui ʻē aʻe e ulu ana i nā mea kanu ma nā mahiʻai kūpaʻa ʻo Jones Food Company ma Great Britain, Hydropousse ma Farani a me Robbes Lilla Trädgård ma Finland.
Loaʻa nā aʻa i ka lewa nā mea kanu aeroponically. ʻO India Langley, ka mea noiʻi ʻōnaehana meaʻai a me ke alakaʻi PR ma ka mea hoʻolako ʻenehana mahiʻai kūloko LettUs Grow, wehewehe i ka hana. “Loaʻa iā ʻoe nā ʻano nozzles me nā puka liʻiliʻi loa kahi āu e hoʻomoʻi ai i ka hopena nutrient. Hoʻohana ʻia kēlā hopena i nā aʻa o nā mea kanu manuahi.
Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka Aeroponics i ka makahiki 1990 i ka wā e ʻimi ana ʻo NASA i nā ala e ulu ai i nā mea kanu ma ka lewa. Wahi a ka US National Center for Appropriate Technology, ʻo ka aeroponics "ma kahi mamao loa ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoulu mea kanu maikaʻi loa no nā mahiʻai kū."
Ma kahi ʻōnaehana aeroponic, hiki i nā aʻa ke komo maʻalahi i ka oxygen. ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu i ʻelua ʻelua o ka ʻōnaehana hydroponic, kahi e komo ai ka mea kanu i ka oxygen i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka hydroponics, no ka paʻakikī. ʻO nā nozzles i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana hiki ke hoʻopaʻa a haki paha. Akā ua loaʻa iā LettUs Grow kahi hopena i ka pilikia.
“Ua wehe loa mākou i nā sprinkler. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka noe ma kahi ʻili palahalaha loa, no laila ʻaʻohe mea e pani ai a haki. Manaʻo mākou e ʻae kēia hoʻonā maʻalahi iā mākou e lawe i nā aeroponics i kahi ʻoi aku ka nui, "wahi a Langley.
Hoʻokumu ʻo LettUs Grow i nā ʻōnaehana ulu kūpono i loko o kahi pahu hoʻouna. He mobile kēia mau ipu a hiki ke waiho ʻia ma nā wahi āpau.
Mahiʻai iʻa a me nā mea kanu
ʻOiai ʻo ka hydroponics a me ka aeroponics ʻelua mau ʻenehana koʻikoʻi i ka mahiʻai kūwaho, ʻaʻole lākou wale nō. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe. I ʻEulopa, hoʻohana kekahi mau ʻoihana i ke ʻano hoʻohua aquaponic. E like me ka hydroponics, ua ulu nā mea kanu aquaponic me ko lākou aʻa i ka wai. ʻO kēlā mau aʻa wale nō e kau ana i loko o kahi pahu kahi e ʻau ai ka iʻa. Hoʻopuka kēia mau iʻa i nā ʻōpala momona loa i hiki i nā mea kanu ke hoʻohana hou.
Hoʻopau nā mea kanu i nā meaʻai a pēlā pū kekahi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai i ka wai no ka iʻa. Wahi a Marcelis, ʻo ka aquaponics e hana i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka mākeke mahiʻai kū i ka wā e hiki mai ana. “ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻōpala o ka iʻa i meaʻai no nā mea kanu. Akā e makaʻala a mālama pono ʻoe i ka ʻōnaehana mea kanu maikaʻi loa, "wahi a ia no ka ʻenehana.
Nā ʻano mea kanu hou
Ua hoʻomaka mua ʻo Nordic Harvest a me LettUs Grow i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana me ka ulu ʻana i nā lau lau ma mua o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā microgreens. A laila e hahai i nā'ōmato a me nā strawberries. Wahi a Langley, e hahai ana nā mahiʻai kū i ka like o ka ulu ʻana. No nā kumu maikaʻi. He mau mea kanu maʻalahi, waiwai nui i hoʻohana nui ʻia a hiki ke uhi i nā kumukūʻai hana. Ulu koke a liʻiliʻi ka nui, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki ke ulu i nā mea kanu i ka manawa hoʻokahi.
Ke piʻi aʻe nei ka hana ʻana, hiki ke ulu i nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole. Manaʻo ʻo Marcelis i loko o kekahi mau makahiki hiki iā mākou ke kūʻai aku i nā ʻano ʻano hou i hoʻomohala kūikawā ʻia no ke kanu ʻana i ke kūpaʻa. Akā ʻaʻole paʻakikī ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea kanu hou. He 5-10 mau makahiki e ulu ai i kahi ʻano meakanu hou i kūpono no kēia ʻano mahiʻai.
He liʻiliʻi kahi mea kanu kūpono me kahi ʻōnaehana kumu pōkole, ulu wikiwiki, maʻalahi e ʻohi a loaʻa ka hua kiʻekiʻe. Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻano ulu, pono e haku pono ʻia ka 'mea kanu kanu'. "ʻO ka paʻakikī nui loa ka mālama ʻana i kēlā me kēia ʻano e pili ana i ka mea kanu. Pono ʻoe i nā meaʻai kūpono a pono ʻoe e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa mau ʻana o ka mea kanu i nā meaʻai i ka wā ulu," wahi a Riemann.
Kūpono paha
Akā ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia kēlā me kēia mea kanu ma ke ʻano kuʻuna, ʻaʻole hiki kēia i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia nā mea kanu nui e like me ka palaoa a me ka maile me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ala maʻamau. "Manaʻo wau he kūpono ka mahiʻai kūwaho i kēia manawa no nā huahana hou. Ma keʻano loea, hiki iā mākou ke ulu i kēlā me kēia mea kanu, me ka palaoa. Akā ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi o ka mahiʻai kū pono. Manaʻo wau ʻaʻole maoli ka ulu ʻana o kēlā ʻano huahana nui me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i kēia manawa. ʻOiai i kēia manawa ke piʻi nei nā kumukūʻai palaoa ma muli o ke kaua ma Ukraine, "wahi a Marcelis.
Eia nō naʻe, ma nā wahi e like me Singapore a me nā ʻāina e like me United Arab Emirates, kahi e pili ana i ka 90 pakeneka o nā meaʻai āpau i lawe ʻia mai, e ulu ana i nā huahana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i kēia ala e hiki ke uku. Ma ʻEulopa, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka palaoa ma ke ʻano he koho i ka wā lōʻihi, akā ʻaʻole naʻe i nā makahiki ʻelima e hiki mai ana.
Kiʻekiʻe ikehu hoʻohana
ʻOiai ke nānā aku nei ka wā e hiki mai ana no ka mahiʻai kūpaʻa, aia kekahi pilikia nui. Pono ia i ka ikehu nui a no laila ke kumu kūʻai nui. ʻOkoʻa ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu pololei mai ka mahiʻai a i ka mahiʻai, mai ka ʻōnaehana a i ka ʻōnaehana a ma muli o ka wahi, ke kau a me nā mea kanu. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana kekahi hui ma Helene i ka 2.87 kWh o ka ikehu i ka hoʻoilo e hana i hoʻokahi kilokani o ka letus, akā he 1.73 kWh wale nō i ke kauwela. Ua helu ka Finnish iFarm i ka ulu ʻana i kā lākou letus no 90 mau lā he 62.26 kWh no ka m2. No nā strawberries, ʻo ia ka 117.10 kWh no ka m2.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu hou i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano hana maʻamau ma waena o 14 a me 251 pākēneka, ma muli o kahi e kū ai ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka mahiʻai kū.
Ua alakaʻi ʻo Wageningen University & Research a me Delft University of Technology i kahi noiʻi i hoʻohālikelike ai lākou i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā mahiʻai kūpaʻa, i ʻōlelo ʻia i loko o ke aʻo ʻana he hale hana mea kanu. Pili kēia i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā mahiʻai kū i ka Netherlands, United Arab Emirates a me Suedena. No ka ʻāina hope, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻelua me ke kukui artificial i ka hoʻohālikelike.
"ʻO ka hana ʻana o hoʻokahi kilokani o ka letus kaumaha maloʻo e koi i kahi hoʻokomo o 247 kWhe i loko o kahi hale hana mea kanu, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 70, 111, 182 a me 211 kWhe i loko o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma Netherlands, United Arab Emirates a me Suedena (me a me ka ʻole o nā mea hana hou aku. kukui)," wahi a nā ʻepekema i loko o ke aʻo ʻana.
I nā piʻi paʻakikī, emi ka ʻokoʻa o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu ma waena o nā ala ulu ʻelua. ʻO nā mahiʻai kū i luna paha ke koho ʻoi loa i ka ikehu ma kekahi mau piʻi wela. Akā ʻoiai ma ka ʻākau o Suedena a me nā kūlana wao nahele o UAE, ʻo nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha ke ala maikaʻi loa e ulu ai.
Optimize
Hiki i nā mahiʻai kūpaʻa ke lanakila i ka pilikia o ka hoʻohana uila kiʻekiʻe i kekahi ʻano ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana. Ma ka hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻana i ke kukui LED a me ke kala, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi i ka manawa ulu a me ka maikaʻi o ka hua. Hiki ke hōʻemi ʻia nā kumukūʻai hana mahiʻai i ka lilo ʻana o ka mahiʻai. ʻO nā robots e hana 24/7 e hoʻohana i nā meaʻai i ka manawa kūpono, e nānā i ka ulu ʻana a me ka ʻohi ʻana i ka wā oʻo ka mea kanu hiki ke lilo i kumu kūʻai kumu kūʻai nui.
Akā i ka wā lōʻihi, hoʻopau nā robots i nā kumukūʻai ma o kā lākou hana mau. ʻOiai ke koi kiʻekiʻe o ka ikehu a me ka palena palena o nā mea kanu i hiki ke ulu, e ulu nui ana ka mahiʻai kūwaho. ʻOiai e liʻuliʻu ana ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o kāu mau strawberries mai ka pahu mahiʻai ma kou wahi.