Ua ʻōlelo ʻia he 10 a 15% o ka nalo ʻana o ka hana mahiʻai o ka honua i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā maʻi. A ʻoiai ʻo 70-80% o kēia maʻi mea kanu i kumu ʻia e nā fungi filamentous, ʻo ka pale ʻana i nā mea kanu mai nā fungi filamentous he mea nui i ka hānai pono ʻana i ka lehulehu o ka honua. I mea e hoʻopili ai nā fūhū pathogenic i nā mea kanu, pono lākou e wāwahi i nā hunaola epidermal o ka mea kanu a komo i loko o ka hale. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, hana nā hunaola epidermal i mea pale mua e kāpae i ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā fungi pathogenic i ke kaiapuni. No laila he aha nā ʻano hana pale a nā hunaola epidermal?
ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ua ʻike ʻia aia i loko o ka epidermis o nā mea kanu nā chloroplasts liʻiliʻi i pili ʻole i ka photosynthesis. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole maopopo leʻa kāna hana. No ke aha he mau chloroplasts liʻiliʻi i ka epidermis o nā mea kanu i hāʻawi nui ʻole i ka photosynthesis?
ʻO ke kōkua kōkua polopekema ʻo Hiroki Irieda o ke kumu o ka mahiʻai, ke Kulanui ʻo Shinshu a me Polofesa Yoshitaka Takano, ke kula laepua no ka mahiʻai, ke Kulanui ʻo Kyoto, ua ʻike he mau chloroplasts liʻiliʻi i loko o nā epidermis o nā mea kanu ke kāohi i ke komo ʻana o nā pathogens fungal. Ua ʻike ka duo i ka neʻe iki o nā chloroplasts liʻiliʻi i loko o ka cell i ka papa o ka honua i ka pane ʻana i ka hoʻouka fungal a pili i ka pane pale.
I kēia noi ʻana, ua noiʻi mua ka duo i ke ʻano o nā pathogenic fungi i pane ʻia e nā epidermal chloroplasts. ʻO ka hopena, ua ʻike lākou i ka nui o nā fungi filamentous pathogenic i kumu e neʻe ai i luna o nā epidermal chloroplasts. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ua ʻike ʻia nō hoʻi ʻo kēia mau fungi pathogenic filamentous fungi ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo 'nonadapted' a ua ālai ʻia mai nā cell epidermal e hoʻouka nei. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki i ka fungus pathogenic adaptable ke hoʻouka i ka epidermis i nā mea kanu kahi i hoʻopau ai nā epidermal chloroplasts i ka neʻe ʻana i ka papa o luna.
ʻO ka mea aʻe, ua kūleʻa lākou i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā protein mea kanu i pili i ka neʻe ʻana o ka honua i luna o nā epidermal chloroplasts. Ke hoʻokumu ʻia kahi mea kanu i hana nui i kēia protein e ka hoʻolauna ʻana o ka gen, ʻaʻole i neʻe nā epidermal chloroplasts i ka papa o luna e kūʻē i nā fungi pathogenic filamentous. I loko o kēia mea kanu transgenic, hoʻemi ʻia ka pale o ka epidermal invasion o pathogenic filamentous fungi. Ua ʻike ʻia nō hoʻi e hoʻouka pinepine nā fungi pathogenic i ka epidermis i nā mea kanu kahi i hoʻopau ai nā epidermal chloroplasts i ka neʻe ʻana i ka papa o luna. Kuhi kēia mau hopena i ka neʻe ʻana o nā epidermal chloroplasts i ka papa o ka papa i ka pane pale e pale ai i ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā fungi pathogenic.
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