E lele ana ma waena o nā lālani o nā mea kanu i loko o ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻo ka Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii, nā ʻāina ma luna o nā hua pua pua, e hoʻopuʻi ana i nā hua hou a me ka luku ʻole ʻana. ʻAʻole like me nā Drosophilidae ʻē aʻe e ulu nui ana ma nā hua ʻai a palaho, makemake nui ʻo SWD i nā hua liʻiliʻi - blueberries, strawberries a me nā raspberry - a me nā hua pōhaku, e like me nā cherries, ma nā māla ākea a me nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo paʻa. ʻO kahi pest maoli no Asia Hikina Hema, ua pae ʻo SWD ma ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika a, ʻo ka mea hou loa, ma nā wahi o ʻApelika. ʻO nā poho kālā i pili i ka infestation o ka unruly pest hiki ke hiki i nā miliona o ka makahiki - ʻoi aku ma mua o US $ 500 miliona ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo ia wale nō - e like me kahi noiʻi i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke pai Insects.
ʻO ka IAEA, me ka hui pū ʻana me ka Food and Agriculture Organization o ka United Nations (FAO), loaʻa ka ʻike a me ka kūleʻa o ka mōʻaukala i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka ʻenehana insect sterile (SIT) e hoʻopaʻa a hoʻopau i nā mea ʻino, e like me ka lele hua Mediterranean, nā lele screwworm, nā lele tsetse a me nā mu like ʻole. Ma muli o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana o SWD i ka hana hua a puni ka honua, ua hoʻokokoke kekahi mau ʻāina i ka FAO a me IAEA e loiloi i ka hiki o ka SIT ke kāohi iā SWD i nā ʻōnaehana hana paʻa, e like me nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
"I kēia lā, ʻaʻohe ʻano lapaʻau pili i ke kaiapuni i kūkulu ʻia e hoʻopau i kēia pest," wahi a Gustavo Taret o ka Institute of Agricultural Health and Quality o Argentina. "ʻO SIT wale nō ke ala e hoʻomalu ai i ke kaiapuni e hiki ai ke hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo, e hōʻemi ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā insecticides ʻoiai e pale ana i nā iniseti maikaʻi i ka mālama ʻana i nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe."
Pehea ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka pūʻolo SIT?
Ua hōʻea mai ka hoʻokomo mua ʻana o kahi kolone o SWD mai Italia ma 2015 ma FAO/IAEA Insect Pest Control Laboratory (IPCL) ma Seibersdorf, Austria. Mai ia manawa, ua noiʻi ka hale hana i ka biology radiation o SWD, ʻo ia ka hopena o ka ionizing irradiation i ka induction o sterility. "No kahi ʻano hou, pono mākou e loiloi i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka radiation mai ka haʻahaʻa a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe e hoʻoholo ai i ka nui o ka irradiation e hoʻoulu ai i kahi kokoke i 100 pākēneka sterility," wahi a Carlos Caceres, kahi noiʻi entomologist me ka Joint FAO/IAEA Program of Nuclear Techniques in Food. a me ka Mahiai.
No ka hānai ʻana i ka hana nui o nā nalo hua no ka noiʻi, ua hoʻomohala nā ʻepekema i nā ʻōnaehana egging a me nā hale paʻa kanaka makua. I ka hihia o SWD, ka egging, a i ʻole ka oviposition, ʻo ka ʻōnaehana i kūkulu ʻia i loko o nā pahu plastik me nā lua e hiki ai i nā wahine ke waiho hua. "ʻO ka ʻōnaehana oviposition kahi panel i loaʻa i kahi uhi ʻupena maikaʻi me ka wax. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā wahine i kahi kala kikoʻī o ka panel oviposition, "wahi a Caceres. "ʻO nā wahine oviposit - a waiho i nā hua - ma o ka panel, a laila e hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā hua ma waho o ka hale." Ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe ʻepekema ua hoihoi ʻia ʻo SWD i nā paneli ʻeleʻele, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka nui o nā hua i hōʻiliʻili ʻia.
I ka wā e paʻa ai nā hua i loko o nā larva, hānai ʻia lākou i ka ʻai me ka pauka kāloti, ke kō, ka hū a me ka wai. I loko o nā lā, hoʻololi ke ʻano i loko o nā pupae. Ke oʻo ka pupae, hōʻiliʻili ʻia lākou a hoʻomālamalama ʻia, e lilo lākou i mea ʻole. Ma hope o ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana, waiho ʻia nā pupae i loko o nā hīnaʻi paʻa kahi e puka mai ai nā lele makua sterile. "Ua hana ʻia nā hale paʻa i kahi pahu alumini i uhi ʻia me kahi ʻupena mesh synthetic maikaʻi. Aia i loko o ka hale paʻa kahi hāʻawi o ke kō a me ka hū, ma ke ʻano he kumu o nā meaʻai, a me kahi ʻōhuʻu wai no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o nā nalo, "wahi a Caceres. ʻO 50 knm x 50 knm x 50 knm ka nui o ka hale hoʻokahi.
Ma hope o ʻekolu mau lā i loko o nā hīnaʻi paʻa, lilo ka nalo makua i ke ʻano moe kolohe a hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma ka wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hoʻopā me nā wahine momona, ʻaʻohe hua. E alakaʻi ana kēia i ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka hihiu me kēlā me kēia hanauna.
Kūlana o SIT no SWD
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā kuʻuna hānai nui no SWD, a ʻo ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā kuʻuna i hiki i nā lele makua ke olakino a hoʻokūkū ma ke kula. "Pono ʻia kahi hana paʻa a lawa o nā iniseti sterile e hoʻokō i nā loiloi i nā wahi paʻa a i ʻole nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a hiki ke hoʻoponopono i nā helu hoʻokuʻu a me nā alapine," wahi a Taret. I kēia lā, ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokele, kahi e hana ʻia ai nā lele hua 50 000 a 100 000 i kēlā me kēia pule, i loko o nā greenhouses ma Argentina. Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokō ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻokele hou ma Farani i kēia makahiki.
ʻO nā hopena mai kēia mau hoʻokolohua hoʻokele e ʻae i ka hoʻohui ʻana o SIT e hoʻokele i ka SWD ma nā ʻāina i hoʻopilikia ʻia. "Ua paʻa ka ʻenehana kumu no ka SIT no ka SWD pilot test, kahi e koi ai i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o 2 miliona mau lele i kēlā me kēia pule ma luna o nā wahi i manaʻo ʻia, akā ʻo kona hoʻokomo ʻana a me ka hoʻokomo ʻia e hilinaʻi ʻia i nā mana mālama mea kanu a me nā mea hoʻoholo i ka ʻoihana huaʻai," wahi a Caceres .
ʻO ka pūʻulu SIT no SWD ka mea i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻopau ʻia i ka makahiki 2023. "Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka SIT me nā ʻano mana ʻē aʻe, e hōʻemi ana i ka nalowale o nā hua, nā koena pesticide i ka meaʻai a me ka pilikia i nā limahana," wahi a Caceres.
No ka 'ike hou aku:
ʻOihana Hoʻolālā ʻAmelika Ola Atomic
www.iaea.org
Mazzi D, Bravin E, Meraner M, Finger R, Kuske S. Ka hopena waiwai o ka hoʻomaka a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o Drosophila suzukii ma Sweet Cherry Production ma Switzerland. ʻO nā pepeke. 2017;8(1):18. Hoʻopuka ʻia 2017 Feb 8. doi:10.3390/insects8010018