Ke lohe mākou e pili ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka meaʻai me ke kōkua o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "smart" mahiʻai, manaʻo mākou i kahi mea e pili ana i ka naʻauao artificial, nā robots a me nā "ʻikepili nui", akā ʻaʻole hilinaʻi mau ka optimization o ka mahiʻai i nā ʻenehana hou. Ma keʻano o nā mahiʻai liʻiliʻi ma nā kua'āina,ʻo keʻano "akamai" e komo pinepine i ka loaʻaʻana o ka waiwai kūpono a me nā ala kumu e hoʻonui ai i ka huaʻai me ka hoʻohana ponoʻana i nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe a me ka pōʻinoʻole i ke kaiapuni.
ʻO ka papahana FAO "Smart Agriculture - no ka wā e hiki mai ana" me kahi kālā o 3.4 miliona mau kālā, i kākoʻo ʻia e ke Aupuni o ka Repubalika o Korea, kōkua i nā ʻohana he nui ma nā wahi kuaʻāina o Uzbekistan a me Vietnam e hoʻonui i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo mahiʻai i hiki ai iā lākou. e hoʻonui i ka meaʻai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides liʻiliʻi, nā mea kanu mineral a me ka wai, me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana a me ke ala palekana.
ʻO ka manaʻo nui ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pono o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ʻelima mau mea pili: ka mālama ʻana i ke aniau, ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi a me nā maʻi, irrigation, mea kanu mea kanu a me nā ʻano mahiʻai.
Loaʻa ka papahana i nā ʻōlelo paipai ʻepekema kūpono a me nā haʻina hana ʻepekema, nā kuʻuna a me nā mea hou. Ke manaʻo nei lākou e hoʻohuli i nā mahiʻai ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā ʻoihana kūleʻa, e hoʻonui i ka loaʻa kālā o kā lākou mau mea nona, e hoʻonui i nā manawa hana o nā kamaʻāina kūloko a hiki i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa o nā huahana meaʻai like ʻole, kūpono a palekana.
"Ua ʻike mākou i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo kiʻekiʻe i hoʻokomo ʻia nā kālā nui, akā i ka manawa like he haʻahaʻa kā lākou huahana, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou i noʻonoʻo i nā kikoʻī kūloko. ʻO nā ʻōnaehana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, e like me kēia mau hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻiliʻili i nā mea kanu me ka liʻiliʻi o nā kumu waiwai," wahi a Melvin Medina Navarro, ka loea loea alakaʻi o ka papahana.
Nā hāʻina naʻauao
I ka wā i hoʻomaka mua ai ka poʻe loea FAO e aʻo i nā ʻohana me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka loaʻa ʻole i nā wahi pailaka ʻekolu o Uzbekistan, ua ʻike lākou ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā ʻano hana kahiko a maikaʻi ʻole o ka kanu ʻana i nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu.
No ka laʻana, ua lawe lima ʻia ka pollination, a ua hoʻohana ʻia nā pesticides pōʻino i ka nui. Ua uhi ʻia nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo me ka pālolo e hana i ka malu a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mahana o loko i nā mahina wela loa, ke hiki ke piʻi ka mahana o ke ao i 42 degere Celsius.
"ʻO ka mea mua, ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana i nā mea uhi hou," wahi a ka agronomist Khairulla Esonov, ka mea i komo i ka papahana FAO.
Ua uhi ʻia nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo me kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni polyethylene me nā mea hoʻohui kūikawā i lōʻihi loa, e hōʻike ana i ka radiation ultraviolet, hoʻemi i ka lepo a pale i ka condensation.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā pahele pipili kūikawā a me nā ʻupena makika no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea ʻino a me nā maʻi. Ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka ʻāina a puni nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā mauʻu, a ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā uhi papahele disinfection a me kahi ʻōnaehana puka pālua e hakakā ai i nā maʻi a me nā maʻi bacteria.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai wai ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana drip irrigation e pili ana i nā paila wai uila, nā kānana, nā pahu wai a me nā laina drip, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā meaʻai hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, hiki pololei i ka ʻōnaehana kumu o nā mea kanu.
Eia hou, ua hāʻawi ʻia kēlā me kēia mea pōmaikaʻi i nā mea ana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai. Ma muli o nā hopena o nā loiloi, ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ka wai i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻoinu ʻana i nā wahi pailaka ʻekolu he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka acidity. Ke hoʻomaka nei ka hana e hoʻomaikaʻi i kēia mau ʻāpana ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka nui o nā mea kanu a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā waikawa kūikawā i ka wai.
ʻOiai ʻo Mother Nature ponoʻī e kōkua: ma kahi o ka pollination manual a hana pono ʻole, hoʻohana ʻia nā bumblebees honua.
Nā hopena hoʻololi ola
ʻO ia mau hoʻololi, i hui pū ʻia me ke kōkua ʻenehana i hāʻawi ʻia e FAO, ua lawe i ka hoʻokele hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo i kahi pae hou, a ma kekahi mau mea i hoʻopuka i nā hopena kupaianaha. ʻO ka pahuhopu mua o ka papahana ʻo ia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana ʻai meaʻai ma ka liʻiliʻi he 20 pakeneka. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā o ka pōʻai mahiʻai mua, ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka hua o nā tōmato a me nā pepa momona he 90 a me 140 pakeneka.
ʻO Nigora Pulatova, kekahi o nā mea mahiʻai i komo i ka papahana, ua pūʻiwa i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻohi like, ʻoiai ʻo ia i hoʻohana i ka hapalua o ka nui o nā mea kanu e like me nā mea mahiʻai ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka maikaʻi o nā mea kanu ma ke ʻano o ka nui, ke ʻano, ke kala a me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā koena pesticide, i hiki ai i ka poʻe mahiʻai ke kūʻai aku i kā lākou huahana ma ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO kekahi mea mahiʻai e komo ana i ka papahana FAO ʻo Matluba Alimbekova, he makuahine o ʻelima mau keiki mai ka ʻāina ʻo Andijan o Uzbekistan. Hoʻoulu ʻo Matluba i nā ʻōmato, nā kukama, nā pepa ʻono, ke kāleka a me nā mea kanu, akā ma mua ua nalowale ʻo ia ma kahi o ka hapalua o ka mea kanu ma muli o nā pests a me nā maʻi. I kēia makahiki ua kanu ʻo ia i kahi ʻano hou o ka pepa ʻono "anetta", ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kūlana kūloko, a ua ʻohi mua ʻo ia ma mua o ʻelua mau tona o ka ʻohi a loaʻa ma kahi o $ 1,100. I kēia manawa, hōʻiliʻili ʻo ia ma mua o 90 kilograms o ka pepa i kēlā me kēia pule a hoʻolālā e kanu i nā radishes i Nowemapa e loaʻa ai ka loaʻa kālā hou aʻe i ke kau hoʻoilo.
"Ua kōkua nui ka papahana i ko mākou ʻohana, ua hoʻonui kā mākou kālā," wahi a Matlyuba.
Ma mua, ʻo ka hapalua o ka loaʻa ʻana o Matlyuba Alimbekova e uhi i nā kumukūʻai hana, akā hoʻomaikaʻi i ka papahana ma ke kahua o ka mahiʻai "akamai", ua emi lākou ma lalo o 20 pakeneka.
Eia kekahi, e hoʻokō ka papahana i ka loiloi mākeke, ka hana hou ʻana o nā laboratories i ke kahua o ka palekana meaʻai a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o nā poʻe loea kūloko i mea e hoʻonui ai i ka nui a me ka loaʻa kālā o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā mea kanu hou a hoʻomau i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā wahi kuaʻāina me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ala e hiki ke loaʻa a hoʻihoʻi. .
Kumu: https://news.un.org