He mea nui ia e hana mau i ka wai a me ka hoʻonā meaʻai e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā tōmato hydroponic i ka pae kūpono o nā meaʻai.
ʻO ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā tōmato hydroponically-grown i nā pae meaʻai kūpono e pono ai ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka wai a me nā hoʻonā meaʻai. Pono nā mea kanu e hōʻoia i ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā mea hana irrigation i ka nui o ka momona. Pono e nānā ʻia a hoʻoponopono ʻia ka nui o nā meaʻai e like me ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu, ke kau, nā pae māmā a me ke ʻano o ke kōmato.
"I ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea kanu i ka mea kanu i ulu ʻia ma ka lepo a i ʻole ka lepo lepo ʻole, ʻo ka pahuhopu ke hoʻohālikelike i ka lawe ʻana i nā mea kanu o ka mea kanu e like me ka hiki i ka nui i hāʻawi ʻia i mea momona" (Mary Peet, USDA, Division of Plant Systems- Production, 2005). Nui nā kumu e hana ai pēlā, akā ʻo ke kumu koʻikoʻi ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka mea kanu, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kahe kālā. No nā mea kanu me ka ʻōnaehana wai hāmama e ʻeha loa kēia. I loko o kahi ʻōnaehana irrigation paʻa, hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia ka mea momona a hana hou ʻia ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai.
ʻO ka hōʻailona hōʻailona wai
He mea nui ka hana mau ʻana i ka wai irrigation a me ka hoʻonā meaʻai (wai + fertilizers). Pono e hoʻoholo ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka wai wai mai kahi pūnāwai, dam a i ʻole ka ʻōnaehana kaona ma mua o ka hoʻokō ʻana i kekahi ʻano hoʻolālā hoʻomomona. ʻO nā pae koʻikoʻi e ʻike ʻia e nā mea ulu: ʻo ka conductivity uila wai (EC), ka pH wai, ka sodium (Na), ka chloride (Cl) inā hoʻohana i kahi kumu wai kūloko, ka pōhaku (Ca), magnesium (Mg) a mau pūpū (SO4). ʻO ka makemake no nā pae haʻahaʻa o kēia mau mea a pau. He pae maikaʻi ka wai EC ma lalo o 0.5 millisiemens/centimeter (mS/cm). Inā kiʻekiʻe ka pH wai, hiki ke hana mua ʻia me ka sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid a i ʻole citric acid. ʻO nā pae pH maikaʻi loa ma waena o 5 a me 6.
Pono e hana ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia pule a i ʻole ʻelua pule. Pono e lawe ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka meaʻai mai nā kumu ʻelua:
1. ʻO ka hānai ka mea hoʻoheheʻe meaʻai a ka ʻōnaehana irrigation e pākuʻi nei i nā mea kanu i hōʻike ʻia ma ka dripper.
2. ʻO ka hoʻokahe ka leachate e hele mai ana mai ka substrate. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia i ka hoʻolālā fertilization.
ʻIke kūpono
ʻO ka ʻike i loaʻa mai ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka meaʻai meaʻai kōkua i:
1. E hōʻoia i ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā lako irrigation i ka nui kūpono o ka momona.
2. E hōʻoia i ka EC a me ka pH o ka hoʻonā meaʻai he mau pae ʻoluʻolu.
3. E hoʻoholo i ka nui o ka mea hoʻomomona e nā mea kanu.
4. E hoʻoholo i ka nui o ka mea momona e pono e hoʻohui / unuhi ʻia mai ka hopena meaʻai.
Hiki ke hoʻoholo inā kūpono ka nui o ka irrigation ma ka nānā ʻana i ke kahawai EC. Inā kiʻekiʻe loa ka EC, ʻaʻole lawa ka wai e hoʻopili ʻia i nā mea kanu. Inā haʻahaʻa loa ka EC (haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hānai EC) hiki i nā mea kanu ke loaʻa i ka wai nui.
5. E hōʻoia inā kūpono ka nui o ka wai ma ka nānā ʻana i ke kahawai EC. Inā kiʻekiʻe loa ka EC, ʻaʻole lawa paha ka wai e hoʻopili ʻia i nā mea kanu. Inā haʻahaʻa loa ka EC (haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hānai EC), hiki i nā mea kanu ke loaʻa i ka wai nui.
Nui nā hale hana e hana ana i kēia ʻano wai a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā meaʻai. He mea nui e koho i kahi lab kahi i ʻike ai nā limahana i ka hydroponics.
ʻElua mau laboratories i manaʻo ʻia ʻo Groen Agro Control ma Netherlands a me Perry Laboratory ma Watsonville, Calif.
Paipai ʻia nā pae meaʻai
Ma ke kiʻi o ka Netafim crop management technology fertilizer dosing unit, ʻo ka laina polū ma ka ʻaoʻao hema ʻo ia ka wai irrigation (wai maikaʻi a i ʻole wai kūloko me ka ʻole o ka fertilizer). Hoʻomoʻi ʻia kēia wai i ke keʻena hui ʻana kahi e hoʻoinu ʻia ai nā mea kanu a lilo ka wai i mea hoʻonā meaʻai (laina ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻākau). Ke kahe nei ka meaʻai meaʻai ma o EC a me nā mea ʻike pH e hōʻoia i ka mālama ʻia o ka EC a me ka pH.
Hōʻike ka Papa 1 i nā pae meaʻai ma ka ʻeleʻele a i ʻole mole i ʻōlelo ʻia no nā ʻoluʻolu meaʻai kōmato i ana ʻia ma ka ʻauwai. ʻAʻole hewa nā pae kumu ma nā palena haʻahaʻa a kiʻekiʻe paha. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka pae meaʻai kūpono e pili ana i nā mea kanu.
Hōʻike ka Papa 1 i nā waiwai i makemake ʻia i loaʻa ma ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka laʻana. Ma ka nānā mau ʻana i ka hoʻonā meaʻai, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā pae kiʻekiʻe i kūpono i ka mea kanu.
Ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā haʻina meaʻai
ʻO nā kemika maʻamau no ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā meaʻai meaʻai i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka ʻO ka ʻatikala ʻo Hort America e pili ana i ka hydroponic greenhouse pepper production.
Nā lākou:
- Ca(NO3)2 (Calcium nitrate)
- KNO3 (Potassium nitrate)
- KH2PO4 (Mono-potassium phosphate)
- MgSO4*7 H2O (Magnesium sulfate)
- H3BO3 (ʻakika Boric)
- MnCl2*4 H2O (Manganous chloride)
- CuCl2*2 H2O (Cupric chloride)
- K2SO4 (Potassium sulfate)
- MoO3 (Molybdenum trioxide)
- ZnSO4*7 H2O (Zinc sulfate)
- Fe Sequestrene 330 (ka hao hao)
Nā ʻōlelo ʻōlelo ʻao
- ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o kekahi mau ʻano ʻōmato i ka blossom end rot (BER) http://ucanr.edu/sites/placernevadasmallfarms/files/86509.pdf) ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe. E nānā i ka hoʻolālā irrigation a me nā pae nitrate no ka mea hiki i nā nitrates kiʻekiʻe ke kumu o BER.
- E mālama i nā ana irrigation i kēlā me kēia lā i loko o kahi puke (EC, pH a me ka pākēneka wai). He hana kēia i kēlā me kēia lā e hana ʻia i ke kakahiaka nui ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā pōʻai wai. E ʻike i nā mika EC/pH paʻa lima https://hortamericas.com/product-category/growing-supplies/meters/
- E hoʻohālikelike i nā heluhelu EC/pH manual me nā heluhelu ʻāpana irrigation, pono lākou e kūlike.
- E mālama pono i ka ratio K:Ca.
- Kalibrate pH a me EC mika i hoʻokahi pule.
- Hoʻopili i nā mea ʻike pH ma ka ʻāpana irrigation ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina.
- E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ʻōnaehana irrigation a holoi i kēlā me kēia manawa.
- E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā pahu fertilizer i kēlā me kēia mahina e pale aku i ka hoʻopulapula fertilizer.
- E mālama haʻahaʻa i ka pH o ka pahu waihona micronutrient (pH 4).
No nā mea hou aku: Hort Americas, (469) 532-2383; https://hortamericas.com.