ʻO ka Honeydew kahi hopena kō i hana ʻia e nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole nā'ōpala, ʻoi aku ka poʻe hānai ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kā lākou proboscis i loko o nā ipu phloem o kahi mea kanu. Lawe kēia mau moku i nā kō a me nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe ma nā wahi a pau o ka mea kanu, a hoʻohana nā ʻenekini omo i ko lākou waha e like me ka spike e komo i ke kahe o nā mea maikaʻi. ʻO ka mea kupanaha, i ka wā e paʻi ai ka ʻiniko i ka wai a hoʻomaka e omo, ʻo ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka moku phloem e puka mai ai kahi kulu nui o ka meli mai ka anus o ka iniseti. He kumu waiwai nui ia no nā ʻinikena ʻē aʻe, e komo pū ana me nā ʻano ʻanuʻu like ʻole.
ʻOiai ua aʻo ʻia ke ʻano kemika o ka honeydew mai ke ʻano o kona waiwai ʻai i nā popo a me nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe e ʻai ana iā ia, ʻaʻole i noiʻi ʻia ke ʻano o nā mea ʻala (a pilau paha). Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea ʻala mai nā huna huna meli e nā inike e kamaʻilio pū kekahi me kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manawa o ka hānau ʻana. He haʻawina hou, i paʻi ʻia ma Nā palena i ka ʻepekema Insect, i kēia manawa ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ka honeydew i hana ʻia e nā lanternflies kikoʻī e hoʻoulu ai i nā molekala organik e lewa i mea hoihoi i nā lālā ʻē aʻe o kēia ʻano, a he hana koʻikoʻi paha ia i ka ʻano o nā inike.
ʻIke ʻia nā lanternflies (Lycorma delicatula) ʻAʻole lākou he kamaʻāina i ka US, akā ua hoʻolauna ʻia mai Kina mai, kahi ʻōiwi. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mea mua ma Pennsylvania i ka mahina ʻo Kepakemapa 2014. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, he invasive kēia ʻano a hānai i nā ʻano huaʻai, nā mea hoʻonaninani a me nā kumu lāʻau. Hiki i nā kānaka ke hoʻolaha i kahi lōʻihi me ke kōkua o ka poʻe nāna e unuhi i nā mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia a i ʻole nā mea i loaʻa nā hua manu. He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomalu ʻia ʻana o kēia pest ma mua o ka laha nui ʻana, a i ʻole hiki ke hana i ka pōʻino nui i ka ʻāina, nā māla waina, a me nā ʻoihana lāʻau.
"He mea koʻikoʻi kēia noiʻi no ka mea ʻo ka hana mua i ka mālama ʻana i kekahi pest e hoʻomaopopo i kā lākou biology a me kā lākou ʻano," i ʻōlelo ai Kauka Miriam Cooperband o ka United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine Division (USDA APHIS PPQ) ma ka US e hoʻomohala i nā mea hana hoʻokele pest e hōʻemi i kona heluna kanaka a hoʻolaha."
Me he mea lā aia kekahi ʻano ʻano ʻokoʻa i nā nalo lele ʻike ʻia e hōʻike ana i ka nāwaliwali. ʻAʻole wale lākou e haʻalele i kā lākou honeydew huna ma ka lalo o nā kumulāʻau i ko lākou wahi noho, akā hana pū kekahi i nā hui nui ma nā kumu o nā kumu lāʻau i koho ʻia. Ma laila, hūnā lākou i ka nui o ka meli a lilo ka ʻili o ke kumu lāʻau i keʻokeʻo a hulahula, a hoʻomaka e honi e like me nā hua fermenting. ʻO ka lehulehu o nā lanternflies e hōʻuluʻulu i kēia mau pūnaewele a hoʻohui i nā mea huna, ʻoiai ʻo nā kumu lāʻau e pili ana e waiho ʻole ʻia.
Ua noʻonoʻo ʻo Cooperband a me kāna mau hoa hana inā he semiochemical paha ka honeydew i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i kēia mau mea he nui nā semiochemical, nā pheromones e hōʻike ana i nā hōʻailona i nā lele kukui ʻē aʻe a hoʻololi i kā lākou ʻano. Ma nā noiʻi mua, ua hoʻopaʻa ka poʻe noiʻi i nā laʻana liʻiliʻi o nā lanternf lanternfly kāne a wahine paha i ke kumu o kahi kumulāʻau, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka lima lima. Ua hoʻopuka koke kēia mau pūʻulu i nā hui nui o nā lanternfly manuahi ma nā kumu lāʻau, e hōʻike ana i ka poʻe noiʻi ua komo maoli nā pheromones i ka huki ʻana i nā lanternflies i kekahi i kekahi.
No ka ʻike inā loaʻa i ka honeydew kekahi mau mea hana e hiki ke hoʻololi i ka hana lanternfly, ua hōʻiliʻili ka poʻe noiʻi i nā laʻana honeydew ma kahi kaʻawale mai nā lanternfly kāne a me nā wahine ma ke kula, e hoʻāʻo ai i ka lab. Ua loaʻa iā lākou nā semiochemical he nui i loaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻehā ketones, ʻeono esters, a me ʻekolu mau waiʻona, aia nā mea a pau i nā kāne ʻelua akā ma nā ratio like ʻole. ʻElua mau pūhui i loaʻa ma nā lakio ma luna o 1.5 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe i ke kāne ma mua o ka honeydew wahine, akā ʻelima mau pūhui ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe o ka wahine ma mua o nā mea huna kāne.
A laila ua noiʻi ka poʻe noiʻi i ke ʻano o ka honeydew i ka hana lanternfly ma o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā lanternfly pio i kahi koho e neʻe i nā wahi me nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka meli. Ua hōʻike ʻia ko lākou hopena ua makemake nui nā nalo kāne i ka meli kāne, ʻoiai ʻo nā kāne a me nā wahine i makemake iki i ka meli wahine. ʻOiai ʻaʻole maopopo i ke kumu o kēia ʻano, ua kūlike kēia me ka nānā ʻana i ke ʻano o kēia mau inike ma ke kula.
Hoʻomaopopo ka hui i nā ʻāpana o ka honeydew i hana i nā hōʻailona ikaika loa. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ʻelima mau molekala no ka hoʻohihi ʻana a loaʻa iā ia nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī pili i ka wahine. ʻElua mole i kapa ʻia ʻo benzyl acetate a me 2-octanone i huki i nā kāne ʻelua, hoʻokahi mole i kapa ʻia ʻo 2-heptanone i huki wale i nā kāne, hoʻokahi mole, 2-nonanone, huki wahine wale nō, a hoʻokahi mole, 1-nonanol, hoʻihoʻi i nā wahine akā ʻaʻole nā kāne. Hoʻohana pū ʻia kēia mau pūhui ʻelima ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana pheromone no nā ʻano ma waena o nā kauoha pepeke he nui, me nā pi a me nā moena moe.
ʻO kēia mau ʻike he mau ʻanuʻu mua wale nō ia e loaʻa ai ka ʻike ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ʻano, hiki ke hoʻomalu i kēia pest invasive. Manaʻo nā mea kākau e hiki i kā lākou ʻike ke kōkua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hana hoʻomalu non-insecticide, e like me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lures semiochemical no ka ʻike ʻana i ka hele ʻana o ka lanternfly, a i ʻole e hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau mea paahana lehulehu. Nui nā nīnau e pane ʻia, e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻano like ʻole o ke kau o kēia ʻano, a inā he pilina me nā microbes i loko o ka honeydew e hoʻopuka ai i nā kemika pono.
“He paʻakikī loa ka ʻano o ka lanternfly a me ka kamaʻilio ʻana, a ʻo kēia wale nō ka piko o ka hau hau. Ma waho aʻe o kā mākou hana e aʻo ana i nā hōʻailona kemika, e like me nā mea i loko o ka honeydew, makemake pū mākou i ka hana o nā haʻalulu substrate i kā lākou ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio, "wahi a Cooperband. "E pili ana ka noiʻi e hiki mai ana i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka ʻimi ʻana i kekahi i ka wā e ʻākoakoa ai lākou a loaʻa i nā hoa kāne e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻano hōʻailona he nui."
E nānā iā mākou ma EarthSnap, he polokalamu manuahi i lawe ʻia mai iā ʻoe e Eric Ralls a me Earth.com.