ʻAʻole ʻike ka hapa nui o mākou i ka ulu ʻana o nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu i nā kūlana ʻoihana, kahi e loaʻa mai ai nā meaʻai mai ka hopena o nā mea kanu wai, ʻaʻole mai ka lepo momona momona.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia nā huahana i ulu ʻia ma ke kino? A i ʻole ua ulu ʻia nā hua mahiʻai a i ʻole nā tomato ma ka lepo momona maikaʻi?
Ua ʻike paha ʻoe he nui nā huaʻai, nā tōmato a me kekahi mau mea kanu, e like me ka pepa a me nā kukama, i manaʻo ʻia i kēia manawa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua ulu ʻia ma ka hydroponics, me ka ʻole o ka lepo?
He ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻē kēia, no ka neʻe ʻana o ka US Department of Agriculture (USDA) e hoʻomohala i nā ʻano kūlohelohe o ka ulu ʻana i ka meaʻai.
ʻO ka mahiʻai organik ma USA
Ua hōʻike maopopo ʻia ke kānāwai no ka hana ʻana i nā meaʻai organik mai 1990 i ka hoʻopiha hou ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka momona o ka lepo ke kumu o ka mahiʻai organik. I ka makahiki 1995, ua wehewehe ka National Organic Standards Board (NOSB), he hui ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o ka US Department of Agriculture, i ka mahiʻai organik ma ke ʻano he "ʻōnaehana hoʻokele kaiaola e hoʻoikaika a hoʻoikaika i ka biodiversity, biological cycles and biological activity of the soil."
Ua wehewehe ka US Department of Agriculture's Organic Agriculture Regulations i ka mahiʻai olaola ma ke ʻano he pūʻulu o nā hana e "kākoʻo i ka holo ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai ma ka mahiʻai, hoʻoikaika i ke kaulike kaiaola, a mālama i nā mea olaola."
"E pili ana kēia i ka mālama ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka lepo a me ka maikaʻi o ka wai, ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻāina wai, nā ululāʻau, a me nā holoholona hihiu, a me ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā fertilizers synthetic, sludge sege, irradiation, a me genetic engineering," i ʻōlelo ʻia e ka US Department of Agriculture i kāna hoʻomaka ʻana i ka organik. ʻano hana.
ʻO kēia ʻāpana o ka "hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka lepo" he kī nui i ka manaʻo o nā poʻe kākoʻo he nui i ka mahiʻai organik. I kēia hopena, i ka makahiki 2010, ua ʻōlelo ka NOSB e pāpā ʻia nā ʻōnaehana hoʻohua e haʻalele i ka lepo, e like me hydroponics, mai ka loaʻa ʻana o ka palapala organik. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i ʻae ka National Organic Program, kahi ʻāpana o ka USDA's Agricultural Marketing Service kuleana no ka USDA organic standards a me ka ʻae ʻana o nā ʻelele hōʻoia organik, ʻaʻole i ʻae i kēia ʻōlelo.
I ka hāʻule ʻana o 2017, ma hope o ka hoʻoikaika nui ʻana o ka ʻoihana agribusiness, koho ʻo NOSB i ka 8-7 kūʻē i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e pāpā i ka hōʻailona ʻana i nā mea kanu hydroponic ma ke ʻano he organik.
Ua kapa kekahi i ka balota he manawa wai no ka papahana organik ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO ka pilikia o ka hydroponics, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hana "organic" no ka hānai ʻana i nā holoholona i loko o nā hale kūʻai a me ka lawe ʻana mai i ka palaoa a me ka soybeans i ʻike ʻole ʻia he mea kūlohelohe, ʻo ia nā wahi nui o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia e ka poʻe i kēia manawa i ka hoʻopunipuni organik a i ʻole ka haki ʻana o nā kūlana kūlohelohe. i ka pono o ka ʻoihana nui.
He aha ka hydroponics?
Hoʻoulu nā ʻōnaehana Hydroponic i nā mea kanu i loko o ka wai, pinepine me kahi ʻano inert e like me ka ʻōpala niu, e hoʻopaʻa i ke aʻa. Loaʻa i nā mea kanu nā meaʻai ma o ka wai, ʻaʻole pili ka lepo i kēia hana.
No ka mea ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia ka lepo hydroponics, kāpae ia i ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa o ka mahi ʻana i ka lepo olakino hiki ke kākoʻo i ke ola microbial waiwai a me nā ʻano mea kanu olakino. Ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe kākoʻo o hydroponics i kēia ala e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke mālama i ka wai a ulu wikiwiki i nā mea kanu.
ʻAʻole ʻae nā mea kākoʻo a pau o ka hydroponics i ka hoʻoholo NOSB i hana ʻia ma 2017.
Ua hōʻeha ʻo Dan Lubkeman, he mea kākoʻo ikaika i ka hydroponics, no ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka USDA i ke kūlana organik hydroponics. ʻO ia ka pelekikena o ka Hydroponic Society of America (HSA), he 46-makahiki nonprofit hui e paipai ana i ka hydroponics.
"Ua haku ʻia ka huaʻōlelo 'organic' no nā mea kanu i ulu ʻia ma ka lepo, a ua hana pono ʻia ka hydroponics no ka ulu ʻana me ka lepo ʻole," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo ia ma ka leka uila.
“Makemake ka poʻe kūʻai e ʻike he palekana kā lākou meaʻai. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, hāʻawi ka huaʻōlelo "organic" i nā mea kūʻai aku i kahi manaʻo mahana o ka meaʻai olakino me ka ʻole o nā pesticides.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Lubkeman, makemake nā mea kūʻai aku e uku hou aku no nā huahana organik a me nā manaʻo o ka maʻemaʻe i hoʻokomo ʻia e ka lepili organik.
"Makemake ka ʻoihana hydroponics e hoʻonui i ka manaʻo o ka mea kūʻai aku i ka palekana me ka ʻole o ka hoʻolilo ʻana i nā makahiki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kāna huaʻōlelo" organik. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka uku ʻana a me ka wikiwiki ma o ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā mahiʻai lepo. Manaʻo wau ʻaʻohe kuleana o ka ʻoihana hydroponics i ka huaʻōlelo organik, manaʻo wau he kālepa palaualelo a alakaʻi hewa i ka mea kūʻai. ʻO Hydroorganics kahi oxymoron (kahi hui o nā manaʻo kū'ē) i loko o kaʻu puke, "wahi āna.
ʻOiai ʻaʻole kūpono ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana i ka "organic", a aia nā pilikia me ka hoʻopunipuni ʻana i nā huahana organik, kūpono ia no nā mea kūʻai aku, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā huahana kūlohelohe i nā mea maʻamau. Akā, e like me ka Lubkeman, ʻaʻole hydroponics ka organik, a ʻaʻole pono ia pēlā. Loaʻa i ka Hydroponics kona mau pono a pono e kū ma luna o lākou, manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ia.
"Me ka hana hydroponic i hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi ʻia, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia nā pesticides, feces holoholona a i ʻole ʻai koko/iwi, ʻaʻohe mea i compost, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā pathogens a me nā maʻi. ʻO kaʻu wehewehe ʻana i ka meaʻai hydroponic "ʻoi aku ka nui o ka meaʻai, ka liʻiliʻi o ka wahi, ka liʻiliʻi o ka wai, a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka manawa." He nui nā pono o ka Hydroponics a ʻo ia ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka mahiʻai, "wahi āna.
ʻAʻole ʻo Lubkeman a me HSA wale nō ka poʻe i ʻae ʻole i ke kūlana kūlohelohe o ka hydroponics, ʻoiai ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hui e kūʻē nei e hana pēlā no ka mea ʻike lākou i nā pono kūʻokoʻa o ka lepo i hana ʻole ʻia i ka hydroponics.
Ma ka hōʻike 2018 "Disturbing Waters: pehea ka hydroponic agribusiness a me ka US Department of Agriculture i hoʻoheheʻe i nā mea olaola ma ka ʻae ʻana i ka mahi ʻai ʻole," ʻo ka Cornucopia Institute, kahi kino koʻikoʻi e kiaʻi ana i ka ʻoihana organik, i hōʻike ʻia ʻaʻole hāʻawi nā media ulu hydroponic e like me ka ʻōpala niu. nui nā pono ʻē aʻe o ka lepo maoli.
"ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā lepili ma kēia mau huahana "organic" i nā mea kanu hydroponic mai nā mea i ulu i loko o ka lepo, ʻoiai ʻo nā huahana me nā mea momona kiʻekiʻe i ulu i loko o ka lepo e koi nui ʻia i waena o nā mea kūʻai aku ʻike," wahi a ka hōʻike.
E pili ana i ka lepo
Inā haʻalele mākou i nā pono meaʻai o ka hydroponics i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā huahana i ulu i ka lepo, aia kahi pōmaikaʻi nui o ka mahiʻai organik. Hoʻokumu mau ʻia ka mahiʻai organik ma ke kumu o ka "hānai ʻana i ka lepo, ʻaʻole ka mea kanu." ʻO ka mahiʻai organik maoli e hilinaʻi i ka hana microbial o ka lepo, kahi e hoʻokuʻu mālie ai i nā mea kanu i nā mea kanu.
'O ia ho'i, hiki i ka lepo ke ulu i ka mea'ai no nā hanauna e hiki mai ana me ka ho'ohana 'ole 'ana i ka 'enehana mea kanu hydroponic. ʻO ia hoʻi, e hoʻi ka lepo i kona ʻano kūlohelohe me ka hana microbial waiwai a me ka ʻokoʻa kaiaola.
I ka wā e pili ana i ka mahiʻai kūlohelohe a me ka mahiʻai maʻamau, ʻike ʻia kēia ʻokoʻa. Hoʻohana ka mahiʻai kuʻuna i nā herbicide e like me ka glyphosate e luku ai i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, a laila hānai i nā mea kanu me nā mea kanu kemika.
Ua ʻike lōʻihi ka poʻe mahiʻai organik ʻo ka lepo maikaʻi e hana i nā meaʻai momona, nā kānaka olakino a me kahi kaiaola olakino. Ke hōʻoia nei ka noiʻi i kēia. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi ʻatikala loiloi 2014 ma ka British Journal of Nutrition, nāna i nānā i 343 mau puke i nānā ʻia e nā hoa, ua ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka nui o nā antioxidants pale olakino i nā meaʻai organik, a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā metala kaumaha a me nā pesticides ma mua o nā huahana inorganic.
ʻO ke aʻo ʻana, nā hopena i paʻi ʻia ma ʻOkakopa 2018 ma ka puke pai JAMA Internal Medicine, hōʻike i ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai kūlohelohe hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hopena o ka maʻi kanesa. I ka wā o ke aʻo ʻana, ʻike ʻia ma kahi o 70 tausani mau mākua no ʻelima mau makahiki, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou he wahine.
Ma ka pāpā ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau pesticides synthetic, me ka glyphosate herbicide pilikia, hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka mahiʻai organik i ke kaiapuni a me nā holoholona hihiu ma nā ʻano he nui.
ʻO ka hakakā no ka mālama ʻana i ka lepo organik
ʻOiai ʻaʻole hoʻohana nā huahana hydroponic "organic" i nā pesticides a me nā herbicides, ʻaʻole lākou e kōkua i ke olakino kaiaola o kahi kaiaola honua nui aʻe. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻokoʻa i nā mea hoʻoponopono organik ma nā ʻāina like ʻole.
ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana o nā huahana hydroponic ma ke ʻano he "organic" aia wale nō ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ma Kanada, Mekiko a me ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina hoʻomohala ʻē aʻe, ua pāpā ʻia nā huahana hydroponic mai ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana ma ke ʻano he organik.
ʻO ka nui o nā huahana hydroponic "organic" i helu ʻia e nā ʻoihana ʻoihana ʻoihana ma ke Komohana Hema a me Mexico (mai kahi i lawe ʻia aku ai i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa) a i lawe ʻia mai nā ʻāina e like me Netherlands, kahi i kūʻai ʻole ʻia ai ke kūʻai aku. nā huahana kumu ʻole e like me ka organik, e like me ka hōʻike 2018.
Ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe loea i ke kahua o ka hana organik ʻo hydroponics kekahi o nā mea hoʻoweliweli nui i ka pono o ka papahana organik. ʻO kekahi o ka poʻe akamai e kākoʻo ana i ka meaʻai kūlohelohe e kū i nā kūlana i hoʻokumu ʻia ai lākou - e ulu ana ma ka lepo maikaʻi, ʻo ia ʻo Dave Chapman, nāna e ulu i nā tōmato kūlohelohe ma Long Wind Farm ma Vermont.
Ma waena o 2011 a me 2013, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Chapman e ʻike i kahi mea ʻokoʻa e pili ana i nā tōmato organik ma nā hale kūʻai āpau āna i kipa ai.
"ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā tōmato hou "hōʻoia ʻia" i loko o nā hale kūʻai he hydroponic, a he nui nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe e lilo i hydroponic. ʻO ka organik ke ʻano o nā mea kanu hydro-grown mai nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo nui, "wahi āna.
"ʻO nā huahana kūlohelohe paha? Aʻole naʻe wau e manaʻo. ʻAʻole au i ʻike i kekahi o ke kaiāulu organik e ʻōlelo mai, "ʻAe, he mea kūlohelohe." ʻAʻohe mea i manaʻoʻiʻo he mea kūlohelohe kēia mau ʻano, koe wale nō ka poʻe nāna e hoʻokele iā lākou.
ʻO kekahi o kēia poʻe ʻo Jim Krasus, Luna Nui o ka hui Edible Garden.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Edible Garden e hoʻopuka i "nā huahana kūloko maikaʻi i ulu ʻia i loko o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo me ka hana ʻole ʻole." Hana ka hui me nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo kūloko e kiʻi i nā huahana, e like me kāna, hiki i nā mea kūʻai ke hilinaʻi.
"Hoʻokipa ʻo Edible Garden i ka manawa kūpono e ulu i nā mea kanu i hōʻoia ʻia ma ka hydroponics a ma nā kūlana CEA (Controlled Environment Agriculture), e like me nā mea hana maʻamau. ʻO kēia hōʻailona o ke kākoʻo mai ka US Department of Agriculture e ʻae i nā mea kūʻai aku e pōmaikaʻi hope loa mai kahi koho ākea o nā huahana kūlohelohe i nā hale kūʻai kūloko, "wahi a Krasus i kahi ninaninau leka uila.
Hoʻopuka nā ʻoihana e like me Edible Garden i nā huahana me ka ʻole o nā pesticides a me nā herbicides, akā ʻōlelo ka poʻe hoʻohewa e like me Chapman ʻaʻole lawa.
Manaʻo ʻo Chapman ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea hana hydroponic ke hana hou i nā kūlana lepo.
"ʻAʻole hele mai ka meaʻai i ka hydroponics mai ka pilina paʻakikī o nā minerala a me nā microbes i hilinaʻi ʻia nā mea kanu terrestrial i ka lepo no nā makahiki 500 miliona i hala. He manawa lōʻihi. Ua maopopo kekahi mea i ke kaʻina o kēia hoʻomohala hui, "wahi āna. —He kaiaola paʻakikī loa kahi e hānai ai nā mea kanu i nā microbes i ka lepo, a hānai nā microbes i nā mea kanu.
Hoʻokaʻawale ma o ka huikau
ʻO ka Hydroponics ka haʻalele ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hānai ʻana i ka mea kanu ma ke ʻano, ʻoiai ʻo ka poʻe kākoʻo o ka hydroponics e like me Lubkeman e ʻōlelo nei he mea maʻalahi ka hydroponics i kahi mea kanu e hoʻomoʻa i nā mea anorganic, nā mea i hana ʻia mai nā mea kūlohelohe e like me ka nitrogen, phosphorus a me ka potassium.
Akā no ka poʻe makemake e hana ʻoi aku ma mua o ka pale ʻana i nā mea ʻona i ka mahiʻai a makemake e mālama i kahi ʻōnaehana hana meaʻai e mālama pono ai i ke olakino lepo, ʻaʻole kūpono ka hydroponics.
ʻO kekahi o nā ala e pale aku ai i ka kūʻai ʻana i nā huahana hydroponics-grown i kaha ʻia ʻo "organic" ʻo ia ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka "Guidelines for the rejection of Groundless Organic products", i hana ʻia e Cornucopia Institute no nā mea kūʻai. Hoʻopaʻa inoa ia i nā hōʻailona o nā huahana e ulu ana i kā lākou huahana ma ka hydroponics a i ʻole ka lepo.
ʻO nā ala e koho ai i nā huahana organik i ulu i ka lepo
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā huahana kūlohelohe a me nā waiwai i ulu i ka lepo ma ka nānā ʻana i ʻelua mau lepili hou hou i ka USDA Organic. ʻAʻole i haʻalele ka poʻe mahiʻai a me nā kākoʻo o nā hana kūlohelohe ikaika i ka papahana USDA Organic, akā ua hana lākou i nā hana e hoʻomohala ai i mea e mālama ai i ka pono o ka mahiʻai kūlohelohe maoli.
Papahana Organic Maoli
Ma hope o ka hoʻāʻo ʻole ʻana e wehe i ka hydroponics mai nā huahana i kapa ʻia ʻo USDA Organic, ua lilo ʻo Chapman i hoʻokahi o nā mea hoʻokumu i ka Real Organic Project, kahi hana mahiʻai i hana ʻia e hōʻike i nā huahana ulu ʻāina a me nā huahana ulu i loko o ke kahua o USDA Organic.
Hana ʻia ka Real Organic Project ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona hou i nā huahana organik i hōʻoia ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi, hōʻoia i kēlā mau mahiʻai i loaʻa i kahi palapala USDA Organic.
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi palapala Real Organic Project ʻaʻole ia he kumu kūʻai kālā, ʻoiai ʻo ka papahana hōʻoia e kākoʻo ʻia e nā mea kūʻai aku, nā mahiʻai a me nā kumu pilikino e makemake ana e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mahiʻai e ulu ana i kā lākou holoholona a me nā mea kanu e like me ka leka a me ka ʻuhane o nā kūlana organik i hōʻoia ʻia.
Ua hōʻoia ka Real Organic Project (ROP) i nā mahiʻai 60 i kāna makahiki mua o ka hana (2018); i ka hopena o 2022, 1,100 mau mahiʻai e hōʻoia ʻia e ROP. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi i nā huahana me ka hōʻailona ROP ma nā meaʻai i hana ʻia ma kēia mau mahiʻai. E aʻo hou aku ma ka pūnaewele RealOrganicProject.org.
Hōʻoiaʻiʻo Organic Regenerative
ʻO Regenerative Organic Certified (ROC) kekahi palapala hōʻoia hou no ka meaʻai, fiber a me nā mea mālama pilikino. Hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 2017 e kahi hui o nā mahiʻai, nā alakaʻi ʻoihana a me nā loea i kapa ʻia ʻo Regenerative Organic Alliance, ʻo ROC i hoʻopaʻa i ka mahiʻai organik a laila hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka pae ma o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke olakino lepo a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke kalapona i ka lepo, ka mahiʻai holoholona a me ka hoʻoponopono kaulike no nā limahana mahiʻai. E aʻo hou aku ma ka pūnaewele Regenorganic.org.
ʻO Melissa Diana Smith kahi mea aʻoaʻo meaʻai holistic a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo i kākau i nā kumuhana olakino no nā makahiki he 25. ʻO ia ka mea kākau o kekahi mau puke e pili ana i ka meaʻai, me ka "Syndrome X", "Going Against the Grain", "Gluten-Free for a Year" a me "Going Against GMOs".