ʻO nā kānana kekahi mea nui o nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoulu wai ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ka hana nui o nā kānana ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻāpana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia a i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mai ka wai. I ka irrigation, manaʻo nā kānana e wehe i nā ʻāpana e pili ana i ke olakino mea kanu a i ʻole ka maikaʻi a me ka like ʻole o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka wai.
ʻOiai he nui nā pae a me nā ʻano kānana i kēlā me kēia ʻōnaehana, pono e koho i ka kānana kūpono. Pono nā mea kanu e koho i nā kānana e pili ana i ka pilikia i manaʻo ʻia, ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka ʻōnaehana irrigation paʻa, a me nā kumukūʻai kānana.
Nā pilikia pahuhopu a me nā koho kānana
Eia ka nānā ʻana i nā mea haumia wai maʻamau i loaʻa i loko o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā kānana i ʻōlelo ʻia e wehe i kēlā mau mea haumia.
Loaʻa nā ʻāpana organik i nā ʻōpala, nā algae, a me nā pathogens. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā pathogens he liʻiliʻi loa (e laʻa, hiki ke emi mai nā ʻāpana viral ma mua o 1 μm a aia kekahi mau hale fungal ma lalo o 200 μm) a ʻo ka hopu ʻana iā lākou me kahi kānana e pono ai ka nui o ka pore liʻiliʻi, e like me ka kānana membrane ultra-fine. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka kānana membrane no kēia noi no ka mea he kumu kūʻai ke kumu kūʻai kālā a me ka hana ʻenehana nui.
Ua hoʻāʻo nā mea noiʻi ma ke Kulanui o Kaleponi a me Michigan State University i nā kānana one lohi a wikiwiki hoʻi no ka wehe ʻana ʻO Phytophthora sp. a ʻThlelo sp. a nānā i nā hopena maikaʻi. Hoʻopau kēia mau kānana i nā pathogens, ʻoi loa paha ma ka hui pū ʻana o nā ʻano hana kino a me ke ola. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā kānana one lohi i kahi papa biofilm (i ʻike ʻia ʻo schmutzdecke) e hōʻemi a i ʻole ka pale ʻana i nā pathogens ma o nā pale kino a me nā hana hoʻomalu olaola. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kānana media inā ʻeleʻele loa ka ʻōpala (e laʻa, nā mauʻu). No laila, paipai ʻia kahi kānana mua. ʻO nā kānana pale a me nā kānana media he kūpono i ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻōpala organik nui a me nā mauʻu; hele mai lākou ma kahi ākea o nā nui a he mea kūʻai ʻole.
ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻōpala a i ʻole nā ʻōpala ke komo pū me nā minela granular maikaʻi e like me ke one, ka pālolo, a me ka lepo. Hiki ke wehe ʻia kēia mau mea haumia me ka pepa, sock, pale, a i ʻole kānana disc. Hoʻopau maikaʻi loa nā kānana sock i nā ʻāpana inorganic i hoʻokuʻu ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, he wahi liʻiliʻi ko lākou a no laila hiki ke maʻalahi. Manaʻo ʻia nā kānana sock ma ke ʻano he pae hope o ka kānana. Mai hoʻohana i ka kānana membrane e hoʻoneʻe i nā ʻāpana inorganic i hoʻokuʻu ʻia a i ʻole nā ʻōpala organik. Hiki i kēia mau mea haumia ke hōʻino kino i nā membrane.
ʻO nā paʻakai hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i helu ʻia ma kāu ʻano wai (no ka laʻana: hao, carbonates, calcium, sodium, etc.). Manaʻo ʻia ka kānana membrane e wehe i nā paʻakai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mai ka wai. Hoʻopau ka reverse osmosis i nā ion a pau koe ka boron mai ka wai. Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka hao a me ka manganese ma o ka hui ʻana o ka oxidation (chlorine a i ʻole permanganate), a ukali ʻia e ka kānana me nā kānana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (e laʻa, greensand).
ʻO nā mea olaola i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me nā agrochemical a me nā waikawa humic. Hoʻopau ka kānana kalapona i hoʻohana ʻia i ka nui o nā agrochemical mai ka wai. Ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi ma ke Kulanui o Florida he maikaʻi ke kalapona i hoʻohana ʻia i ka wehe ʻana i kekahi mau kemika, me nā insecticides (acephate, bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, a me imidacloprid), herbicides (glyphosate a me triclopyr), nā mea hoʻoponopono ulu ulu (flurprimidol, paclobutrazol, a me uniconazole), a me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai (quaternary ammonium chloride, sodium hypochlorite, a me ka peroxygen). Manaʻo ʻia nā kānana kalapona i hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i kekahi kumu wai a i ʻole ʻōnaehana irrigation me nā koena mahiʻai - nā loko hopu, wai hoʻihoʻi ʻia, a i ʻole nā pūnaewele sub-irrigation.
Nā manaʻo koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka kānana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana irrigation greenhouse
E hoʻouka i nā ʻanuʻu he nui o ka kānana - mai ke koʻikoʻi a hiki i ka maikaʻi - e pale aku i ka paʻa ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana a e hoʻonui i ka pono o ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻāpana. Eia kekahi, e noʻonoʻo i ke kumukūʻai. No ka laʻana, he haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai o nā kānana pale metala a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi. ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai o nā kānana fiber (pepa a i ʻole sock) ma mua o nā kānana pale, a hoʻohana mau ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he kānana hope loa. E kānana mau i kou wai ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kānana membrane; ʻaʻole e hana pēlā e hōʻino i nā membrane pipiʻi.
E mālama i nā kānana. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine i nā kānana i mea e pale ai i ka pipili a i ʻole ka haehae ʻana i nā kānana. E koho i nā kānana me ka holoi hope ʻakomi i ka wā e kānana ai i nā ʻōpala organik a me nā mea ʻole.